Comment by jimbokun

I believe the term you are looking for is Statistical Relational Learning.

One formalism for this is Markov Logic.

http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/pedrod/papers/pilp.pdf

Alchemy is an implementation of Markov Logic.

http://alchemy.cs.washington.edu/

Both of these are from Pedro Domingos, who does a lot of research in this area.