Comment by Macha

From the description of the filters applied, it feels like the bottom is the original as the palettization unifies the colour and the top is definitely more pixelated. But to me I like the colours of the bottom more and you can see some places (like the tent in the top right) where there's significant detail loss in the top one, which is also why I think it's not the original.

That said, there are some things that are improved. The inconsistent shadows and harsh differences in level of detail are very clear in the bottom one and not so much in the top one.

So I'm with you, I can guess which one is the original, but I couldn't pick a "better" one.