Comment by encryptluks2

No, they would not need to be stored in the images. They are deployed as part of provisioning package according to the post. If they were part of the OS image, they would have to update the image anytime a new customer is added, which would be far less optimal than having Ansible or whatever push changes. There is no law in Sweden that requires logs, and the point of a VPN provider is to not store logs. If your VPN provider is keeping logs of your connections then you should look for a new provider.