Comment by qw

I see your point, but managing state is not free on the client side either. Frontend frameworks usually come with some built in state management, but once it starts to be more complicated we often need to find a 3rd party library to manage it.

I agree that there are many cases where managing the state in the frontend is the preferred solution. Multi-page forms add complexity for both frontend and backend. Sometimes frontend is less complex, and other times the backend is simpler.

I'll add some comments on your statements regarding backend. I'm not saying it is a better solution than managing it on the frontend for all cases. My point is that although it adds complexity on the backend, it does not necessarily mean that managing state on the frontend is simpler. That depends on the use case, but I think a lot of developers "default" to handling state on the frontend that adds much more complexity than a simple backend solution.

> "rerender previous form pages over and over again, except hidden"

In that case, you would only render hidden <input> fields with the values, and not the complete form. The code for receiving "step x" of the flow, would simply read the parameters from the request and include the values in the html code.

> "have some token to track partial form data"

Using <input> fields for this is much simpler. The final page would just read all variables as if they where posted from the same form, without requiring to generate/parse any tokens

> "build up a DB to store a partially complete form"

Most frameworks have a built in "session" that abstracts this away. It may be stored in a database, file, memory etc. If you require distributed sessions, the framework often handles this transparently by just configuring the session manager to use something like Redis to store the data.