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Comment by can16358p

4 years ago

So on the next versions of USB, the cable length will get shorter and shorter until the max gets to 5cm?

While I get the technical reasoning about high frequency/attenuation etc that limits cable length as speeds go higher, there are obviously some practical limits to how short cables can be.

How would that be solved, I don't know.

I'm confused what that section is supposed to represent. E.g. Apple has a 3 meter USB 4 3x2 (40 Gbps) cable but the "cable" value for that section is listed as 0.8m. The only hit I'm getting in the USB 4 spec for "0.8" is on page 59 referring to maximum receiver insertion loss in dB for a gen 3 connection including a 0.8m passive cable but that in itself isn't a hard limitation on cable length.

Not my area of expertise, but maybe some (unrealistic) options include using fiber optics for the data lines, or adding more data lines.

  • There already exists some fiber-optic USB cables that come in lengths >50m and with support for USB 3.1 so it doesn't seem like a very unrealistic option.

    • Redmere chips also proved HDMI can go very, very far with a little extra investment. I've run 4K signals hundreds of feet with them. We've seen this problem solved several times, I can't imagine it's physically impossible with USB-C.

  • I guess at some point optical will be the only way forward.

    Having more data lines in a serial bus is interesting, as the whole reasoning to go from parallel lines (e.g. Centronics, ATA/SCSI or ISA/PCI buses) to serial (SATA/SAS, PCIe, USB) was that coordinating multiple data lines got impossible due to physical limitations where e.g. minimal differences in cable lengths started to matter).

    • Multiple serial busses, each with its own clocking and buffer, so that the combined data is extracted synchronously at the end. The crosstalk is still a problem but there are ways around that: different twist rates for different pairs for instance.

    • > I guess at some point optical will be the only way forward.

      Maybe. Though Infiniband's currently at 100Gbps per lane on a 1.5 meter passive cable. And active cables can give you a moderate boost while still on copper.

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