Comment by pfdietz

> Marc Z Jacobsen has some fairly detailed studies for going 100% renewables. He doesn't generally assume any improvements in technology, so his estimates are conservative. I don't remember seeing anything about seasonal storage.

He was a coauthor on a recent review article on 100% RE energy systems. One conclusion of the review article is that e-fuels are very useful, and that with e-fuels costs are similar to those of energy systems based on fossil fuels.

E-fuels (like hydrogen) inherently provide very long term storage.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9837910