Comment by ColinWright

Most of what I know in these areas is either something I can't talk about, or is surmise based on conversations between others when I was around. There's a lot to do with the laws of physics, but equally, many times people have found clever things to do with the data they have.

I wouldn't care to speculate further, but you might want to read about phased array antennas, and FMCW radar. There are some very deep rabbit holes here, and I certainly would not be your best guide.