Comment by mananaysiempre

> I don't think there's a meaningful "toll gate" in this case: the standards are already free and public

See Adobe and PDF: PDF 1.7 was available gratis from Adobe and also (“technically identical to”) an ISO standard. At the time, people expressed concerns about ISO’s paywalls and Adobe reassured them there was an agreement to ensure that wouldn’t happen. Indeed it did not... until PDF 2.0 came along, developed at the ISO, and completely paywalled.

I seem to remember (but don’t quote me on that) that AVIF and JPEG XL standards were at one point downloadable free of charge. In any case, they aren’t today.