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Comment by nyc111

10 days ago

Your comment is helpful, thanks. I also discussed this with chatgpt and he said similar things: “Strassler’s term "indivisible waves" seems to be his unique phrasing to make these ideas more intuitive for a lay audience. Physicists usually use more formal language, such as ‘quantized excitations of a field’ or ‘wave-particle duality.’

But my problem is different.

Below I use the word “particle” to mean “a three dimensional indivisible unit,” and nothing else. A particle is not a mathematical point as Strassler suggests when he describes a particle as a “dot.” And a particle is not a wave. If Strassler decides to call waves “particles”, waves do not magically become particles. Ever since the scientific revolution we have not explained natural phenomena by magic.

I read Strassler quote again:

“In a quantum world such as ours, the field’s waves are made from indivisible tiny waves, which for historical reasons we call “particles.” Despite their name, these objects aren’t little dots...”

My interpretation of this quote is like this:

> In a quantum world such as ours the field’s waves are made from indivisible tiny waves...

This means that the world is made of quantum fields and fields are waves and not particles [particle are indivisible units, Strassler calls them “little dots”].

This is a clear statement. Strassler is saying that our world is quantum and it is made of fields. Fields are not particles. The unit of study of physics is now fields, not particles. There are no particles in this world because the field is made of waves. These waves are not particles. But they differ from the classical waves because they can only be scaled down to a certain length.

> ...which for historical reasons we call “particles”. Despite their name these objects aren’t little dots [they are not indivisible units with extension].

Strassler’s quote makes it clear that the building blocks of the world are waves, not particles. In this world of ours there are no particles in the sense of indivisible units. It is only that Strassler chooses to call these waves “particles.” This is just a naming convention.

If someone decides to call “monkey” the animal we know and love as a “donkey”, obviously the long eared cute animal will not become a monkey just because someone decided to call it “monkey”. This play on words can only make a monkey out of logic and create confusion. If we are calling an animal with the name of another animal we are only exposing ourself as a sophist.

This is exactly what Strassler is doing. He is intentionally trying to corrupt the meanings of well established words by loading them with new meanings. He is playing naming games. Calling a wave particle does not make the wave a particle. Then why call a wave particle? No sane person would call a wave “particle” unless he has something to hide and wants to deceive us or even deceive himself.

To me, if true, the fact that the building blocks of the world are waves is a huge and fundamental discovery because it proves that the world is not atomic and matterful as Newton assumed. There are no forces acting between particles because particles do not exist.

This is where the problem lies for physicists. Atomic materialism is their professional dogma and they need to save it despite the experiments contradicting it. But this dogma cannot be saved by using sophistry and calling waves particles.

> These waves are not particles. But they differ from the classical waves because they can only be scaled down to a certain length.

No, the limitation is not length; it's amplitude.

In Dirac's formalism, there is a vector which describes the state of the world, and there are operators which act on that vector. Those operators can create and destroy integer quantities of things. So you can have zero things, or one thing, or two things, or a million things... but not half a thing, or some other fraction. That is the "indivisible" part. The things can be smeared out over macroscopic distances, as in the case of the double slit experiment, but their number is an integer.

But if the story ended there, you still wouldn't have a quantum theory. You would just have a (partially) discrete, classical theory. You could write down a set of differential equations (indeed, wave equations) involving your operators and use them to study how a given vector will evolve over time. The whole thing would be completely deterministic, just like classical mechanics. And yes, it would describe a world made of "wavicles".

Strassler seems to be thinking of that world. But there is one last step you need to take in order to have a quantum field theory.

I like the way Wikipedia tells the story of how it was discovered [1]. Snipping wildly:

Following up on de Broglie's ideas, physicist Peter Debye made an offhand comment that if particles behaved as waves, they should satisfy some sort of wave equation. Inspired by Debye's remark, Schrödinger decided to find a proper 3-dimensional wave equation for the electron. [...] The Schrödinger equation details the behavior of Ψ but says nothing of its nature. Schrödinger tried to interpret the real part of Ψ ∂Ψ / ∂t as a charge density, and then revised this proposal, saying in his next paper that the modulus squared of Ψ is a charge density. This approach was, however, unsuccessful. In 1926, just a few days after this paper was published, Max Born successfully interpreted Ψ as the probability amplitude, whose modulus squared is equal to probability density.

That is what sets quantum theories apart from classical ones. The math is deceptively similar, but once you're done evolving your wav(icl)es, you need to take that last step: compute their amplitude squared to get a probability density.

If you are trying to predict a position, like the position of an electron in the double slit experiment, you won't get a set of coordinates; you will get a probability density covering the entire photographic plate. That probability density will look like a wave interference pattern, because that's exactly what it is: it's a pattern of interfering waves of probability.

So the "wavicles" are not particles; they encode the probability of detecting a particle. When you do the experiment, each particle shows up as a dot, and you can do other experiments to convince yourself that electrons really are point-like, at least up to the resolution achievable with the largest accelerators built to date.

Pondering what that all means - what quantum theory is telling us about the nature of reality - will lead you to a swamp known as "interpretations of quantum mechanics" [2].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation#Hist...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretations_of_quantum_mec...