Comment by tredre3

Where your data is stored depends on the country set in your Apple Account. In your scenario your data will never be stored in China but I don't know if your USA-based account data is replicated in the EU, though.

1. https://support.apple.com/en-us/111754 says you can change your country to opt-out of GCBD.

2. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42631386 says "iCloud accounts registered outside of China are not affected."