Comment by wry_durian

One intuition for the variability argument comes from binary search, where you learn the most when you eliminate half the possibilities. You can apply the same logic to your product development or testing strategy by intending to fail more frequently. (In the testing context, this could look like testing at a higher level of integration.) This adds variability to the process but you will learn more and faster, which typically results in economic upside.

In terms of resources, Will Larson's An Elegant Puzzle hits on some of these themes and is very readable. However, he doesn't show much of his work, as it were. It's more like a series of blog posts, whereas Reinertsen's book is more like a textbook. You could also just read a queuing theory textbook and try to generalize from it (and that's where you'll read plenty about high-capacity queues, for example).