Comment by WorldMaker

Much (but not all) of what you are looking for exists in the reStructuredText [1] space. Sphinx [2] is an SSG focused on technical writing about software that you may find worth exploring.

Also, the scientific text community has been pushing MyST [3] which is an attempt to take some of the best ideas of reStructuredText and reapply them to Markdown-style syntax as a baseline. The MyST tools are a lot more recent and don't have the maturity just yet of Sphinx (including the larger ecosystem such as SaaS hosts like readthedocs).

[1] https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html

[2] https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/index.html

[3] https://mystmd.org/