Comment by defrost

Invented what, when?

  Throughout the 1920s, Paramount, MGM, First National, and other studios had conducted ambitious campaigns of vertical integration by ruthlessly acquiring first-run theater chain

~ https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-film/The-Hollywood...

Vs (say)

  The Limelight Department was one of the world's first film studios, beginning in 1891, operated by The Salvation Army in Melbourne, Australia. The Limelight Department produced evangelistic material for use by the Salvation Army, including lantern slides as early as 1891, as well as private and government contracts. In its 19 years of operation, the Limelight Department produced about 300 films of various lengths, making it one of largest film producers of its time.

~ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limelight_Department