Comment by dlcarrier
2 days ago
Yes, developers are incentivized to build whatever units are most profitable, but the price per square foot is much higher for small units than for large units, so without regulations prohibiting high-density projects, you'll end up with far more units for a given amount of resources. Instead of building 20 units of 2,000 sq ft, if allowed a developer could instead build 40 units of 1,000 sq ft, for a similar cost, and sell them for less per unit but more per square foot. Without using any more land, foundation, or roofing, and only needing extra fixtures and interior walls, it would reduce the labor and materials needed per unit, while increasing the income.
It’s more than just extra fixtures and interior walls but bathrooms, kitchens, plumbing, and HVAC - some of the most expensive parts of a build. For example if a developer has 4,000 square foot of land, and it costs $1.6 million to build 4 units selling at $2.4 million total - vs costing $1.2 million to build a luxury unit selling at $2.2 million, they will build the single luxury unit. The overall price for the construction is lower, the price per square foot is lower, but they make more profit.
> It’s more than just extra fixtures and interior walls but bathrooms, kitchens, plumbing, and HVAC - some of the most expensive parts of a build.
That isn't necessarily saving anything. A 4000 square foot unit could very plausibly have four baths and HVAC zones, especially if it's a luxury unit.
Meanwhile not doing that is exactly the sort of thing the existing rules nefariously prohibit. Suppose you want to turn that 4000 square feet into eight studio units with a dorm-style shared kitchen and bathrooms. Now you've significantly lowered your construction costs while increasing the total you can sell for because you're offering eight units, so that becomes the most profitable thing as long as there are enough people who want lower rents more than space, except that hardly anywhere allows you to do it that way.
A developer in our example would still profit by offering a luxury unit with 3 bathrooms instead of 4. But you’re right that there will often be multiple baths and HVAC systems in a luxury unit - although electrical, plumbing, and fire suppression systems still scale up with the number of units.
And kitchens remain a problem. Your dorm-style kitchen layout is creative, but the problem with this idea is that there is very little demand for dorm-style housing. Developers are able to charge higher prices for more conventional layouts - where the demand is - which is what they will build even in the absence of regulation.
Markets can handle some things well but the inability to provide merit goods (like housing) is one of their shortcomings. Unfortunately we need policies with more scope and ambition than YIMBYism if we want to tackle society’s larger problems.
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This is exactly what the developers say. Low income housing, which is unaffordable even on middle class income, is only viable if heavily subsidized. So the tax payers have to pay the developer to take the guaranteed loss. And even then, 3000 rent on a low income studio apartment is only possible for low income people who have subsidies. So the tax payers pay the developers to build it, and then pay the tenants to rent, and people have the gall to refer to this as the “free market” solution.
If you wanna break it down by "systems" the most expensive part is the regulatory compliance you need to engage in before you start.
People shit on the healthcare industry for being written into law and they shit on the credit processors for taking a cut of every transaction but the degree to which various flavors of paper pushing engineers are required by law to be given a cut of every single creation, alteration and major repair of a structure is mind boggling.
And this racket is a large part of what puts the squeeze on low end projects.
If it takes me $50k of engineering to be granted a $100 permit to do another $50k of tree clearing and dirt work on a lot then whatever I build needs to make up for that. If not for BS compliance those numbers would be something like $5k, $100, $20k
All of this expense, levied upon literally every single project everywhere, all to prevent the 1/100 or 1/1000 case where someone does something (that they likely knew was) stupid and causes a runoff problem or whatever, that could likely be mitigated by the same costs after the fact where and when it happens.
And this is before you start discussing all the areas where industry and company lobbyists have got their clients inserted into the IBC at the expense of the public.