Comment by lotharcable

If you are using podman "rootless" mode prior to 5.3 then typically you are going to be using the rootless networking, which is based around slirp4netns.

That is going to be slower and limited compared to rootful solutions like incus. The easy work around is to use 'host' networking.

If you are using rootful podman then normal Linux network stack gets used.

Otherwise they are all going to execute at native speed since they all use the same Linux facilities for creating containers.

Note that from Podman 5.3 (Nov 24) and newer they switched to "pasta" networking for rootless containers. Which is a lot better, performance wise.

edit:

There are various other tricks you can use for improving podman "rootless" networking, like using systemd socket activation. This way if you want to host services this way you can setup a reverse proxy and such things that runs at native speeds.