Comment by spartanatreyu

An approach that has been taken for hardware in space is to have 3 identical systems running at the same time.

Execution continues while all systems are in agreement.

If a cosmic ray causes a bit-flip in one of the systems, the system not in agreement with the other two takes on the state of the other two and continues.

If there is no agreement between all 3 systems, or the execution ends up in an invalid state, all systems restart.