Comment by cb321

Like Python, R is a 2 (+...) language system. C/Fortran backends are needed for performance as problems scale up.

Julia and Nim [1] are dynamic and static approaches (respectively) to 1 language systems. They both have both user-defined operators and macros. Personally, I find the surface syntax of Julia rather distasteful and I also don't live in PLang REPLs / emacs all day long. Of course, neither Julia nor Nim are impractical enough to make calling C/Fortran all that hard, but the communities do tend to implement in the new language without much prompting.

[1] https://nim-lang.org/