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Comment by nostrademons

3 days ago

Knowing not so much about Tor but some about math: the number of nodes you need to compromise in order to de-anonymize a Tor user is exponential in the number of hops. Google says there are roughly 7000 Tor nodes, including 2000 guards (entry) and 1000 exit nodes. If you have a single hop, there's roughly a 1/1000 chance that you will connect to a single malicious node that can de-anonymize you, going up linearly with the number of nodes an attacker controls. If you have 3 hops, you have a 1 in 1000 * 7000 * 2000 = roughly 14 billion chance. 2 hops would give you 1 in 2 million, 4 hops would give you 1 in 1000 * 7000 * 7000 * 2000 = 98 trillion. In practical terms 1:14B is about the same as 1:98T (i.e. both are effectively zero), but 1:2M is a lot higher.

There are currently ~9000 relays if you look at https://metrics.torproject.org/networksize.html. The current problem is the fact that majority of relays are in Germany and if you rotate your circuits enough, you'll also notice the same path. German govt has been very hostile towards Tor for a long time, they were also behind KAX17. We need more relays obviously but also in different regions.