Comment by FieryMechanic

The issue you are describing isn't an problem with C/C++ tooling. It is to do with how the developer dealt with dependencies i.e. poorly. BTW this happens in any language if they do that. I've had to deal with some awful C# code bases that would only compile on one guys machine.

I am a hobbyist C/C++ developer and have a intermediate size code base that builds on Linux, Windows (MinGW and MSVC) and MacOS and I didn't do anything particularly special. What I did do is setup CI early on in my project. So I had to fix any issues as I went along.