Comment by scoofy

There is already philosophy of mind, but it was pretty young when I was in grad school, which was really at the dawn of deep learning algorithms.

I’d say the two most important topics here are philosophy of language (understanding meaning) and philosophy of science (understanding knowledge).

I’ve already mentioned the language philosophers in an edit above, but in philosophy of science I’d add Popper as extremely important here. The concept of negative knowledge as the foundation of empirical understanding seems entirely lost on people. The Black Swan, by Nassim Taleb is a very good casual read on the subject.