Comment by SoftTalker
4 hours ago
My dad programmed minicomputers, which normally had LEDs on the front panel that showed the binary contents of the program counter, and maybe the current instruction and some other status indicators. I remember him saying that he could tell if his program was running normally by the patterns in the lights.
If the system was used to control something it was obvious.
There would be some kind of main / idle loop. When this was running, you could see the pattern in the data buss and in the address buss. The loop of code would not be many instructions, they would all be together, so the pattern on the address buss would be quickly repeating.
If you had a slow peripheral, you could see the ISR getting called. It would be at a different address than the main loop, and you could see it flash periodically, like every time a line went to the printer.
As an operator of the system, you had a unique perspective of watching the program run as the system operated; if it was data processing it would not mean much but in a control system it was uncanny.
There were some telephone engineers I used to know who worked in telephone exchanges in the electromechanical era, and they could tell when they walked in if things were not working correctly by the sound...