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Comment by tarnith

8 hours ago

Yeah, data layout/cache aware layouts are really key if you really want to unlock making something that ends up in a hot loop fast with SIMD.

Also, avoiding allocations or vtable lookups or a lot of indirection in the part of the code that's actually "hot" is really important. Vectors (in C++) at least aren't necessarily the best fit either, if you end up doing anything that can call an allocation unexpectedly.

> Vectors (in C++) at least aren't necessarily the best fit either

I'm not sure if you use a different allocation strategy or if you're advocating allocating as much as possible up-front, but I'm curious if you have any thoughts on this:

I always end up using (Rust) vectors despite looking at a bunch of slab/arena allocation libraries. Preferably I'd know how much memory I need up front, but barring that I see three options for any allocation that needs to grow:

- Fail;

- Reallocate; or

- Put the overflow in a new allocation, keeping track of where all the "pages" are internally.

In 2, you can't use references/slices (anything with a pointer) because the potential reallocation invalidates those. In 3, it seems ideal because references can stay stable, but you wouldn't be able to have any array-like data cross the "page" barrier as the pointer jump would not be stable. (Although, am I correct in thinking the OS does something like this, and that's why pointer addresses are virtual?).

So, you can't really internally reference data in this sort of context by reference/pointer, it's preferable to use an integer index. In that case, what's the point of the allocator libraries at all? Your standard Vector would have the same reallocation/access characteristics, and you can set a reasonable initial capacity to try and avoid reallocations.

  • To your virtual memory comment, the kernel can only do as it's told, but allocators can indeed tell it to shuffle pages around in virtual memory. On Linux that's `mremap` [0], and `realloc` implementations [1] use it for large enough Vecs (apparently 128kiB for glibc and musl). macOS' libmalloc will try to map new pages that extend large allocations in-place, but memcpy elsewhere if existing virtual mappings are in the way. I don't think Windows' HeapReAlloc does either, but they might reserve a larger virtual region and incrementally commit it or something to similar effect.

    [0] https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mremap.2.html

    [1] https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/src/malloc/mallocng...