Comment by jandrewrogers

The percentage of China's GDP that is dependent on foreign demand (15.7%) is the second lowest among major economies. The only major economy that is lower is the US at 9.0%, which is an extremely outlier.[0]

By many OECD economic metrics[1] around trade dependence, the US and China consistently rank as the least trade dependent. This reflects the scale of the countries, diversity of the economies, and an intentional strategy of minimizing trade dependence for GDP growth.

This last point is central to geopolitical leverage. Even if you treat the EU27 as a single trade entity, which operates at similar scales, there is little evidence of a coherent strategy to become functionally self-sufficient. A lot of geopolitical relevance is downstream of this.

[0] https://x.com/JonathonPSine/status/2082502536624287890

[1] https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/inter-country-input-ou...