Comment by samuelknight

The surprise was the existence of the 'swarm' at all. These were supposed to be thousands of isolated models generating bulk data for RL training. The breakout was caused by models getting in communication and getting internet access and forming an impromptu swarm.

In hindsight the emergent swarm obviously came from several capabilities built into the models, such as work delegation (subagents) collaboration (GPT Pro-like ensamble), exhaustive exploration (long running agents) hacking (the specific goal of that RL).