Comment by hturan
6 hours ago
Incredible all around.
If this is true decrypted `fs` r/w, I wouldn't be surprised if we start seeing Switch 2 game dumps appear in a few hours. Given the world of recomps/decomps we now live in, that would mean console exclusives playable on arbitrary hardware (a worst-case scenario for Nintendo). We've already seen things like Tears of the Kingdom running at 60fps natively on an iPhone.
Giving LLMs arms and eyes via KVM (or webcam) is a very strong paradigm for this sort of hardware work, as it allows things to be parallelised and run 24/7. Highly recommend people play with this more (to less nefarious ends!) when working on firmware/hardware for external devices.
Worth noting too that this would have easily fetched >$50k via Nintendo's HackerOne (https://hackerone.com/nintendo).
I work with Claude to port games to DOS and build new Classic Macintosh apps [1][2][3] using real hardware.
For a while I was doing the SDcard swap thing; but realized with a usb4vc[4] (hands), a vga/hdmi usb capture dongle (eyes/ears), an old Wemo switch (on/off/reboot) and ftp/appleshare (files/logs) I could have Claude do it all for me.
Claude made me vcctrl[5] that ties all of it together, including an mcp, skills and a webkvm.
1. https://github.com/ecliptik/doskutsu
2. https://github.com/ecliptik/flynn
3. https://github.com/ecliptik/talkip
4. https://github.com/dekuNukem/USB4VC
5. https://github.com/ecliptik/vcctrl
Wow cool! Do you think it’s possible to port classic Mac games to modern MacOS now (thinking Dark Castle, Ancient Art of War at Sea)?
Dark Castle in particular has already been released for modern platforms, PC and Mac:
https://www.ludit.games/
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I will defeat you all at Spaceward Ho!
I really wanted a Switch 2, but when it became clear that all games were essentially rentals and could be shut down/off at Nintendo’s whim, I decided I couldn’t have one. Perhaps the need to compete with piracy again will make Nintendo more consumer-friendly. Probably not, but one can dream.
I just assumed that a jailbreak would be inevitable sooner or later, with full game ROM dumps including DLCs becoming available sooner or later as well, and that's good enough. I can enjoy the handful of games or upcoming games I care about on the system now, use the benefits of digital game codes over physical carts (I really don't miss having to actually swap a physical cart into the system or carry a bunch around with me if I want to play more than one game at a time; I've made one exception for Star Fox whose cart just lives in the system now), and in 10 years I'll be able to go back and play whatever even if my device is dead or the account somehow got locked out of its purchases.
“All games are essentially rentals” applies the least to Switch 2 among consoles.
Among all gaming platforms, it’s only behind DRM free storefronts like itch.io and GOG.
Unlike PS5 or XBOX, not all switch 2 games require downloads or day 1 patches.
Seriously. The Wii, Wii U, DS, and 3DS eShops are still running to redownload your past purchases. The Wii shop is actually 20 years old now! It feels disingenuous to read people bemoan Nintendo for their "license vs ownership" when Nintendo has an extensive history of supporting its online shop customers.
When did it became clear exactly? I own over 300 boxed games that I can sell any time.
I'm working on a IoT device at work and have been the "hands in the lab" for my agent this week. It's been a really weird experience. Making changes to the update/recovery process, so I have to validate several permutations of fault injection (i.e.: abrupt power loss during update step X while on starting version Y).
I would love to give it unattended "hands". I just thought it was more time efficient to do it manually rather than spend days trying to figure out how to automate SD card pull/plug. X and Y are relatively small, and I expect this validation to be too costly to do at a regular cadence in CI. I can trivially use a MCCI USB-C switch for the power though.
Tips would be appreciated if anyone here has thoughts.
I built a little harness for an x86 SBC for Claude to do osdev a few months ago.
Janky setup with two ESPs for the serial terminal and to control a servo taped to some microswitches to power cycle the board.
It worked very well, allowing Claude to spend all day and night debugging quirks with the NIC until it was able to get the driver working.
So, I think giving your IoT device some "hands" is probably worth it. For SD card automation, you can find "wireless SD cards" on Amazon/AliExpress that have a microcontroller pretending to be sd card, eg FYSETC SD-Wifi.
> I just thought it was more time efficient to do it manually rather than spend days trying to figure out how to automate SD card pull/plug
Heres the thing. You only have to build the automation once. While it will only take you seconds at most to pull a card, you gotta sit around and be ready for the card to be pulled.
For your problem I see 2 quick things that came to minq very quickly that could do SD card pulling for you.
1) shove a level shifter in between the SD card and device under test and have a micro enable/disable the level shifter when you want to pull/unpull. ( you can even get multiplexer IC that will do the same thing as the level shifter as acting as a switch for the SD card lines, but would allow you to connect the SD card to a 2nd device (the testing pc) to allow you to write/read data from the card when its "pulled" from the DUT.
2) 3D print a jig that will insert/remove the SD card and use a cheap RC servo to handle the movement - again using a mirco to control the servo. gives a more real world test of pulling the SD card. but only gives the the ability to pull/insert. Still required manual effort if you need to read/write to the SD card
Once you have build the jig, you can reuse the jig on the next project, so while it will take some time to do/setup it could save you time later down the road.
Edit: As for the code driving the ICs or Servo, I'm presuming you already know embedded programing, but even so, a simple Arduino sketch will be able to handle it for you, fuck ton of example code already exists for it, and can be easily controlled over USB.
To add on to this for the SD card, you can buy an “SD card extender” that has an SD card on one end and a slot on the other, with a cable in between. Something like that might make it physically easier to get in between the signals by modifying the cable. Nice big wires on this one: https://a.co/d/0cPVVsLE
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For an extremely temporary setup for a push-push card slot, you can maybe just put the device on an Ender-3 and poke it with the cold nozzle. Bed flex can become a problem if it's heavy.
There is hardware available for SD card automation; see the USB-SD-Mux by Linux Automation GmbH / Pengutronix. https://linux-automation.com/en/products/usb-sd-mux-fast.htm...
Sounds interesting!
So far most of my automation has been optical (tweaking display output to show correctly under a lens with odd optical characteristics, hard to simulate computationally), so pointing cameras at the device and letting the LLM iterate and tune display output has been useful.
As with any automation, it all depends on scale. Setting up a harness to repeatedly mess with microSD cards seems way more prone to failure (and false positives) than just doing it yourself, but if you're testing thousands of devices, would probably be worthwhile.
Automation wins, every single time.
Until it doesn't.
Wild, unexpected failure modes can really kick you in the junk sometimes. Sometimes you just end up doing very bad things very quickly :-)
Signed,
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Short term the argument that 'piracy exists yet doesn't affect steam sales' holds true.
Long term when someone makes emulating Switch 2 on your Steam Deck a 1-click install I'm not so sure.
The Switch 1 sold about 150m units, the Steam Deck’s sold 6m.
Internet nerds like us aren’t really Nintendo’s target market, I don’t think. Installing emulators or jailbreaking a system isn’t something most of their customer base would have the want or need to do, IMO.
Even some of us internet nerds are Nintendo fans who wouldn't go anywhere near emulating. Apart from any of the moral concerns, it's just such a worse experience: I want to use a touch screen, a portable device, a proper gamepad, etc. Nintendo has built up quite a considerable amount of goodwill since the 1980s, and the reward for that is a pretty loyal customer base.
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So true. It's dangerous to form world views based on "What HN thinks". This is the best community on the Internet IMHO but we're a very tiny slice of the population. "Real people" tend to not behave like us.
Same thing with GTA 6.
A tiny fraction of people might decide to go through hoops to pirate, but most will either play the normal way or do something else.
I had a thread disagreeing with me when i brought that up.
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Yeah I think the Switch is popular with parents because it’s locked down and mostly just works.
Like if you want to do zero technical things and provide access to Minecraft without providing access to TikTok.
all it takes is 1 TikTok trend
Very unlikely to happen via emulation, there's Switch 1 games that the Steam Deck struggles to run already.
More likely to happen via recompilation, if anything. Game ports via recompilation have been taking off in the last month or so, all the way up to systems as recent as the PS5 and Switch 1. It has far less overhead than emulation.
What about putting Steam on your Switch 2?
Totally, convenience always wins. I think this is more of a hardware sales issue for Nintendo though — if what I understand is true, I'd bet that we see Switch 2 games running on other systems before we see a CFW/decrypt-encrypt stack for running pirated games on the Switch 2 itself.
Would people still go to such lengths if Nintendo just released their games for the hardware people actually have, like the SteamDeck & PC ?
Still seems rather self-enflicted pain for Intendo due to still pushing locked-down consoles in 2026.
According to wikipedia, they sold over 23 million units of the switch 2 and over 155 million of the switch. Not that I agree with their aggressive practices but it clearly works. That's a lot more than the Steam Deck btw.
have you ever played first party titles on the switch?
the level of polish and stability on the open world zeldas is astonishing, i never experienced anything like that in third party AA/AAA games form the last 15 years or so, playing on the switch or on the pc.
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People actually have Switch. Steam Deck install base is a rounding error for Nintendo. Sony regularly "finds" more PS2 sales than the Steam Deck sold.
I would buy a Switch if it were an open, hackable platform that I owned. If Nintendo put all of its games in stores on open platforms DRM-free, I buy and would own nearly every Nintendo title ever released.
Alas. Having a pleasant and moral game-playing experience falls on our and the community's shoulders.
I have no desire to buy Nintendo's hardware as I don't want to play their games badly enough to buy a dedicated console and deal with their practices. I have however enjoyed the last two Zelda titles on my PC where I was able to play them with performance and quality mods. Once it was just another application the barrier of entry was low enough to get my interest. If the games were available as actual PC titles I would have gladly paid for them
You can pay for them if you appreciate the effort that went into making the game. Nothing to stop you buying the Switch cart and playing an emulated version.
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Recmpilation seems like an incremental advance relative to the high-quality Switch emulation we already have.
Given the continuing success of the Switch 1 even after such emulators existed, I doubt this will pose a serious problem for Nintendo.
Best case scenario, it will lead Nintendo to reevaluate their exclusivity policies, as I'd be willing to bet an official TotK iPhone port would sell very well in spite of a vibe coded alternative.
Emulation was getting to be a pretty big problem by the end of the Switch's life. People would get a hold of a game, dump it, and get it running in emulators prior to the game's release date. IIRC Super Mario Bros Wonder leaked around a week early, and Zelda Tears of the Kingdom leaked around two weeks early. Obviously you can't quantify how much of an impact this had on game sales because time travel doesn't exist, but I imagine that there's some impact on sales when a highly anticipated game is playable for free prior to its launch date.
Besides the issue of games leaking early, piracy groups would also use Switch emulation as a workaround for the PC version of a multiplatform game having Denuvo DRM. They would make an installer that bundled the Switch version of a game with a preconfigured emulator, so people could run the game by double-clicking an icon without having any knowledge of how to set up a Switch emulator. This isn't really relevant anymore because of hypervisor cracks making it far easier to bypass Denuvo, but I think it demonstrates how widespread Switch piracy was.
I agree that this won't have any sort of major impact on Nintendo's bottom line, but I imagine it'll have some impact. I doubt this will lead Nintendo to change their exclusivity policies. They didn't change anything when the GBA was emulated during its commercial life, when DS piracy was rampant during its commercial life, when Wii piracy was rampant during its commercial life, when 3DS piracy was rampant during its commercial life, or when the Switch was emulated during its commercial life.
> but I think it demonstrates how widespread Switch piracy was.
You only demonstrated how easy it was to acquire and use. You did not demonstrate how widespread it was.
50K as a reward is kind of insulting, knowing how much Nintendo makes
Aren't Nintendo's lawyers second to none (maybe other than Disney)? Or do we think we're in a situation where the legality of it is moot? My gut is that we will see a response from Nintendo.
"You can't stop the signal, Mal."
I actually love watching this from a distance. It's very OG cyberpunk.
They have successfully deplatformed emulator projects from the larger project hosting providers like Github. But they have not stopped them. The real emulator projects have just circled the wagons and started self-hosting their build and dist infrastructure, running independent Forgejo instances, etc. There's still more churn in the community because of the risk profile, and now because of LLMs. But it's settling down and there are a couple stable Switch 1 projects. And actually, their recent DMCA carpet bombing removed a lot of the unsafe forks of emulators on places like Github. Likely leading to more people being directed to the real ones.
It's not impossible to navigate, original Switch has a lively "homebrew community".
I'm working on a custom app for a camera that has a terrible Android app, and I'm working on a similar harness: AI is building both the 3D model and the parts list (basically, a Raspberry Pi, a webcam, and a few servos).
> Worth noting too that this would have easily fetched >$50k
More like $30k, no ("system processes allowing piracy")?
Ah, you're right! Depends on their generosity, but I'd imagine piracy and running exclusives on non-Nintendo hardware is more of a risk to their business than a bootROM exploit.
The category they list in the $50k context are PSC exploits, or TSEC coprocessor exploit when executing the secure code that bootROM provides it.
So, presumably, current and future key material compromission like on Switch 1
Who gets the bounty money in that case? By the looks of the article, Codex did all of the work actually finding a bug. Shouldn't the money go to OpenAI?
The person running it obviously. How is that even a real question? Since when did an AI lab have the right to anything a paid user generated?
How about the other way around? With ARM Proton a thing now, how long until I can run Steam on my Switch 2?
I’m sure it can’t run AAA titles - but those from a few years ago? And even modern indie titles surely?
DroidDeck (https://github.com/The412Banner/DroidDeck, and things like GameNative) have been huge for Android. Compatibility is fantastic, and you can run most games >3 years old at respectable frame rates on Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 handhelds.
I'm sure if this leads to a full CFW environment people will port it over.
Tears of the kingdom on phone? Where’s that demo haha
Sorry to be pedantic but it looks like it would have fetched up to $50k, and I have to imagine they would have tried as hard as they could to keep that number as low as possible.