Comment by frutiger
7 years ago
I do not think the OSI model is very useful but you seem to, so let me put it this way: E-mail is bidirectional too just at layer 4 instead of layer 3 (I hope I remembered my layers right!)
E-mail is store-and-forward just like TCP is; how do you think an IP router works? TCP is fully duplex; a tx doesn’t wait behind an rx, exactly like an e-mail reply not waiting behind an e-mail receive. The only difference is that a router will typically use volatile memory to store messages before they are sent but e-mail will typically use disk.
If your security model relies on this difference then your security model is broken. It’s worth noting that Signal does NOT rely on this difference. It relies on participants being mostly online to permit frequent rekeys and not having to retain old keys indefinitely.
No, email is not bidirectional. You send an email, the recipient later opens it. Sure, the recipient's SMTP server might respond right away with an ephemeral key you can use to enjoy forward secrecy, but that server has to store the message for the recipient to retrieve later.
You can't have full forward secrecy with email as it is used today. If you want forward secrecy with email, you need three emails sent in rapid succession: Alice sends a request to Bob, Bob sends a response to accept the request, and Alice sends the actual encrypted email. That would work. But you basically need Bob to be online.
> you need three emails sent in rapid succession
This is partially correct, but they do not need to be in rapid succession, and therefore Bob does not need to be online.
Alice's ephemeral private key must be kept as long as the whole handshake. Bob's is a bit shorter (between the last two messages).
If the messages are slow to come, those ephemeral keys become less and less ephemeral, and could actually be stolen.
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