Comment by daralthus

Here's a paper on depth: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/graphics/CodedAperture/

Stanford has a class on computational imaging: http://stanford.edu/class/ee367/

I think these slides should give you a pointer to enough papers to fill a lifetime: https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee367/slides/lecture9.pdf

Georgia Tech also has a class, that's on youtube and Udacity: https://www.udacity.com/course/computational-photography--ud...