Comment by haunter

>This doesn't sound like a real first-class ISP

I'm not an expert but afaik you can't just be a Tier 1 network member https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier_1_network

Even Tier 2 very limited https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier_2_network

In this guide's case yes you will be akin to an MVNO, you won't peer but just buying transit traffic. That's why most of these guides are also focusing on making the network wireless only (easier to build infrastructure)