Comment by Jtsummers

The OS used on the 787 has a hard real-time scheduler. Tasks are started up at a specific frequency (set per task), run to completion or to the end of their time slot (set per task) and terminated. We had, IIRC, a strict 100ms slot for our bit of LRU software to do everything and it would be launched every 1s (from memory, that was 15 years ago). Information could be stored between executions so partial completion is something you could handle if needed by storing state information and using it at the start of the next iteration (we didn't need that, our tasks finished in the slot).

You don't base the start of a future task on the end of the prior one, you base it on a fixed clock for these kinds of systems.