Comment by LargoLasskhyfv

There is more to lithography than ASML catering to TSMC, Samsung, Intel.

There could be https://global.canon/en/technology/nil-2023.html &

https://spectrum.ieee.org/nanoimprint-lithography

There also is https://www.searchforthenext.com &

https://semefab.com/

claiming to not need that ASML high-end stuff at all, to be competitive.

As reported around 2019 amongst many others like here:

https://eepower.com/new-industry-products/search-for-the-nex...

Maybe it's vaporware, because I'm unaware of anything 'big' produced there. Maybe it's only lack of funding,lack of trust because non-standard and 'unproven', inertia? Who knows?

And finally the forgotten minimal.fab by Yokogawa https://www.yokogawa.com/industries/semiconductor/minimal-fa...

https://www.minimalfab.com/en/ with no outrageous claims about structure size equivalence, but way faster turn-around times for prototyping, and none of the usually necessary investment in all that clean-room tech.

And not to forget the push and incentive China got as 'development help' to be independent :-)

I'm sure they're up to many interesting things in the near future.