Comment by antonvs

7 hours ago

Town names in England are full of historical quirks that don’t sound like modern English - try browsing a map, it’s fun. Some of its place names are thousands of years old.

Even names that seem very English now, like “York”, only seem that way because of their long historical presence. The town of that name started out around 70 CE as the Roman fortress Eboracum, which was a Latinized version of a Celtic name.

Later, around 600 CE, the Anglo-Saxons reinterpreted the name as Eoforwic, because “eofor” meant “boar” in Old English, although the earlier name had nothing to do with boars, other than sounding similar.

Then the Vikings came along in the 860s and called it Jórvík, an Old Norse adaptation of Eoforwic.

Around 1000 CE, after the Norman conquest, the name was shortened to York. That has no meaning in English, other than the place name and its derivatives. Fundamentally, it’s no more or less English than Matravers.

I've just bought a house in Alderwasley in Derbyshire, the nearest town is Wirksworth [1]. I assumed that, because this area was the heart of the industrial revolution [2], the town was an eponymously named workers town built for mill workers (there are actually entire towns in the area that were built for mill workers).

Then I read the history on wikipedia:

The name was recorded as Werchesworde in the Domesday Book of 1086 A.D. Outlying farms (berewicks) were Cromford, Middleton, Hopton, Wellesdene [sic], Carsington, Kirk Ireton and Callow. It gave its name to the earlier Wirksworth wapentake or hundred. The Survey of English Place-Names records Wyrcesuuyrthe in 835, Werchesworde in 1086, and Wirksworth(e) in 1536.

The toponym might be "Weorc's enclosure", or "fortified enclosure".

I just love how place names in the UK have evolved.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirksworth

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Mill