Comment by kristianp

This paper precedes the VPRI, which was incorporated in 2001 (1). The work was done while they were at Apple.

Squeak was bootstrapped from Macintosh Smalltalk-80 and the kernel was in C to make it portable. Related projects to squeak are etoys, scratch and lively (2).

(1) https://vpri.org/ (2) https://computerhistory.org/profile/dan-ingalls-2/