Comment by M95D
18 hours ago
FAT can be made tolerant form the driver just like a journaled FS:
1) mark blocks allocated in first FAT
If a crash occurs here, then data written is incomplete, so write FAT1 with data from FAT2 discarding all changes.
2) write data in sectors
If a crash occurs here, same as before, keep old file size.
3) update file size in the directory
This step is atomic - it's just one sector to update. If a crash occurs here (file size matches FAT1), copy FAT1 to FAT2 and keep the new file size.
4) mark blocks allocated in the second FAT
If a crash occurs here, write is complete, just calculate and update free space.
5) update free space
Is this something the FAT driver is Linux can do?
No. There are proprietary implementations which can, though not in 100% of the cases.