Comment by emmelaich

12 hours ago

A gotcha for me originally and perhaps others is that while using ordering like

   $ ./outerr  >blah 2>&1

sends stdout and stderr to blah, imitating the order with pipe instead does not.

   $ ./outerr  | 2>&1 cat >blah
   err

This is because | is not a mere redirector but a statement terminator.

    (where outerr is the following...)
    echo out 
    echo err >&2

4 comments

emmelaich

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time4tea  11 hours ago

Useless use of cat error/award

But also | isnt a redirection, it takes stdout and pipes it to another program.

So, if you want stderr to go to stdout, so you can pipe it, you need to do it in order.

bob 2>&1 | prog

You usually dont want to do this though.

  • kazinator  11 hours ago

    The point is that the order in which that is processed is not left to right.

    First the | pipe is established as fd [1]. And then 2>&1 duplicates that pipe into [2]. I.e. right to left: opposite to left-to-right processing of redirections.

    When you need to capture both standard error and standard output to a file, you must have them in this order:

      bob > file 2>&1

    It cannot be:

      bob 2>&1 > file

    Because then the 2>&1 redirection is performed first (and usually does nothing because stderr and stdout are already the same, pointing to your terminal). Then > file redirects only stdout.

    But if you change > file to | process, then it's fine! process gets the combined error and regular output.