Comment by deno

20 hours ago

Go to [Settings] » [Apps] » [Special app access] » [Display over other apps] and check if any preinstalled carrier apps or anything suspicious has this permission granted.

Just checked, and only "Phone" and "Google" have this permission.

There are no preinstalled apps, I bought this phone clean on Germany and then added a Brazil's SIM card when I got back.

Could it be that the SIM card has some control over the Phone app?