Programmers often are grouped into two broad types: Applications programmers and systems programmers. Applications programmers usually are oriented toward business, engineering, or science. They write software to handle specific jobs, such as a program used in an inventory control system or one to guide a missile after it has been fired. They also may work alone to revise existing packaged software. Systems programmers, on the other hand, maintain the software that controls the operation of an entire computer system. These workers make changes in the sets of instructions that determine how the central processing unit of the system handles the various jobs it has been given and communicates with peripheral equipment, such as terminals, printers, and disk drives. Because of their knowledge of the entire computer system, systems programmers often help applications programmers determine the source of problems that may occur with their programs.
Programmers write programs according to the specifications determined primarily by computer software engineers and systems analysts. (Separate statements on computer software engineers and on computer systems analysts, database administrators, and computer scientists appear elsewhere in the Handbook.) After the design process is complete, it is the job of the programmer to convert that design into a logical series of instructions that the computer can follow. ... In practice, programmers often are referred to by the language they know, as are Java programmers, or the type of function they perform or environment in which they work, which is the case for database programmers, mainframe programmers, or Web programmers.
Software engineers working in applications or systems development analyze users’ needs and design, construct, test, and maintain computer applications software or systems. Software engineers can be involved in the design and development of many types of software, including software for operating systems and network distribution, and compilers, which convert programs for execution on a computer. In programming, or coding, software engineers instruct a computer, line by line, how to perform a function. They also solve technical problems that arise. Software engineers must possess strong programming skills, but are more concerned with developing algorithms and analyzing and solving programming problems than with actually writing code. (A separate statement on computer programmers appears elsewhere in the Handbook.)
Pre-dot com boom it was lumped together with a small call out to "application" vs "system". With the dot com boom, the more senior role of "computer software engineer" was described while the pejoratively described "code monkey" was the "computer programmer".
That distinction between the two may not exist today. However, it takes a long time for those things to change.
Digging back as far as I can...
Computer Programmers (1997) https://web.archive.org/web/19971111101442/http://www.bls.go...
Which then transitioned in the '00s to
Computer Programmer (2004)
https://web.archive.org/web/20041103085206/http://www.bls.go...
and
Computer Software Engineers (2004) https://web.archive.org/web/20041110033114/http://www.bls.go...
Pre-dot com boom it was lumped together with a small call out to "application" vs "system". With the dot com boom, the more senior role of "computer software engineer" was described while the pejoratively described "code monkey" was the "computer programmer".
That distinction between the two may not exist today. However, it takes a long time for those things to change.