Comment by EvanAnderson
4 days ago
The Computer History Museum collected an oral history[0] of John Backus[1] and there's some discussion about what computing was like when Fortran was created.
I really enjoy CHM's oral histories. I'm slowly working my way thru all of them and there are some real gems in there (Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Margaret Hamilton, Gordon Moore, Fred Brooks, John Warnock, etc).
There's also Backus' "Programming in America in the 1950s – Some Personal Impressions" talk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EylBknGtkqA at the 1976 First International Research Conference on the History of Computing. The conference paper is pp. 125-135 https://archive.org/details/historyofcomputi0000inte/page/12... in A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century (1980, Metropolis, Howlett and Rota eds., ISBN 0-12-491650-3 ). Naturally it also got a session at the first History of Programming Languages conference in 1978 https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/960118.808379 at which Backus spoke again https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.1145/800025#sec2 . And of course it's one of the stars of Jean Sammet's 1969 Programming languages: history and fundamentals book (ISBN 0137299885) where the FORTRAN section begins on p. 143 https://archive.org/details/programminglangu00unse/page/143/... .